The Spanish Version of the State Self-Compassion Scale-Long Form (SSCS-L): A Study of Its Validity and Reliability in a Sample of Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND: In nurses, self-compassion mitigates the effects of stress, burnout and compassion fatigue, and enhances empathy, compassion and well-being and quality of life. The Self-Compassion Scale is the most-used instrument. The aim of this study is to validate the Spanish version of the new developed State Self-Compassion Scale-Long (SSCS-L). METHODS: Students of the first year of the Nursing Degree were surveyed online. Together with the SSCS-L, their levels of positive and negative affect was reported. Analyses included descriptive statistics, competitive confirmatory factor analysis, evidence on criterion-related validity and estimates of reliability. RESULTS: The best fitting model for the SSCS-L was the one hypothesizing six-correlated factors of self-compassion: self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgement, isolation, and over-identification. Positive relations between the positive dimensions of self-compassion and positive affect were found, whereas there were negative relations between the positive poles of self-compassion and negative affect. Estimates of reliability were adequate, except for the dimension of over-identification. CONCLUSIONS: Self-compassion has become a key competency for nurses. The SSCS-L is an appropriate tool to allow an adequate assessment of self-compassion in experimental contexts.

Autonomía de gestión en atención primaria: posicionamiento de los profesionales de Mallorca / Managerial autonomy in primary care: Position of health professionals in Mallorca

OBJETIVOS: Valorar los conocimientos, percepciones, expectativas y actitudes de los profesionales de Atención Primaria (AP) de Mallorca sobre la autonomía de gestión. DISEÑO: Estudio descriptivo transversal, basado en un cuestionario ad hoc, anónimo, y distribuido de forma online, durante junio-julio del 2013. Emplazamiento: AP Mallorca. PARTICIPANTES: Profesionales asistenciales de AP (n = 1.097). Mediciones: Conocimientos sobre autogestión; competencias, requisitos y escenarios de futuro de los centros con autonomía de gestión (CAG); repercusión de la autogestión; disposición a asumir compromisos y riesgos, y a incorporarse a un CAG. RESULTADOS: Tasa de respuesta: 49,8% (546/1.097). El 10,9% mostró un alto nivel de conocimientos sobre autogestión, las principales competencias de un CAG fueron: capacidad de organización interna (87,5%) y de selección del personal (81,1%). Los futuros CAG se preveían con unos profesionales motivados e implicados (72,6%), resultados eficientes (66%), mayor calidad asistencial (59,4%) y mejor formación (52,8%). Los beneficios de la autogestión se consideraron importantes para los distintos profesionales y para la mejora de la AP de Mallorca (46,8%). Los principales requisitos de los CAG fueron disponer de directores capacitados (92,6%), sistemas de asignación presupuestaria (87,5%) y contratos de gestión adecuados (86,1%). Preferían que los CAG dependieran de la Administración (62,7%), y tenían interés personal en incorporarse a un CAG (56,9%), pero sin asumir excesivos compromisos (renuncia al régimen estatutario, riesgo económico). CONCLUSIONES: Estos datos aportan una información de gran importancia, hasta ahora desconocida, que puede contribuir a planificar con una mayor racionalidad y de forma participativa la puesta en marcha de CAG en nuestro medio

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, perceptions, expectations and attitudes of Primary Care (PC) professionals in Mallorca on managerial autonomy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on an ad hoc, anonymous questionnaire, distributed online, from June-July 2013. LOCATION: PC Mallorca. PARTICIPANTS: PC healthcare professionals (n = 1,097). Measurements: Knowledge of self-management skills, requirements, and future scenarios of the centers with management autonomy (CMA); impact of self-management, commitment and willingness to take risks, and to become a CMA. RESULTS: Response rate: 49.8% (546/1097), with 10.9% showing a high level of knowledge of self-management. The core competencies of a CMA were internal organizational capacity (87.5%) and selection of staff (81.1%). The CMA future was envisaged with motivated and involved professionals (72.6%), efficient results (66%), better quality of care (59.4%), and better training (52.8%). The benefits of self-management were considered important, for individual practitioners and for the improvement of PC in Mallorca (46.8%). The main requirements of the CMA were to have: trained managers (92.6%), budget allocation systems (87.5%), and appropriate management contracts (86.1%). They preferred that the CMA should depend on the Administration (62.7%), and had a personal interest in becoming a CMA (56.9%), but without taking on excessive commitments (waiving statutory regime, financial risk). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide hitherto unknown information of great importance, which could contribute to a more rational planning and participatory implementation of CMA in our midst

[Managerial autonomy in primary care: position of health professionals in Mallorca]. / Autonomía de gestión en atención primaria: posicionamiento de los profesionales de Mallorca.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge, perceptions, expectations and attitudes of Primary Care (PC) professionals in Mallorca on managerial autonomy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study based on an ad hoc, anonymous questionnaire, distributed online, from June-July 2013. LOCATION: PC Mallorca. PARTICIPANTS: PC healthcare professionals (n=1,097). MEASUREMENTS: Knowledge of self-management skills, requirements, and future scenarios of the centers with management autonomy (CMA); impact of self-management, commitment and willingness to take risks, and to become a CMA. RESULTS: Response rate: 49.8% (546/1097), with 10.9% showing a high level of knowledge of self-management. The core competencies of a CMA were internal organizational capacity (87.5%) and selection of staff (81.1%). The CMA future was envisaged with motivated and involved professionals (72.6%), efficient results (66%), better quality of care (59.4%), and better training (52.8%). The benefits of self-management were considered important, for individual practitioners and for the improvement of PC in Mallorca (46.8%). The main requirements of the CMA were to have: trained managers (92.6%), budget allocation systems (87.5%), and appropriate management contracts (86.1%). They preferred that the CMA should depend on the Administration (62.7%), and had a personal interest in becoming a CMA (56.9%), but without taking on excessive commitments (waiving statutory regime, financial risk). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide hitherto unknown information of great importance, which could contribute to a more rational planning and participatory implementation of CMA in our midst.